{"id":1122,"date":"2026-07-13T03:19:56","date_gmt":"2026-07-13T03:19:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lypaperchem.com\/?p=1122"},"modified":"2026-07-16T03:30:13","modified_gmt":"2026-07-16T03:30:13","slug":"paper-sizing-agents-a-comprehensive-technical-overview-of-chemistry-classification-and-applications","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lypaperchem.com\/ar\/paper-sizing-agents-a-comprehensive-technical-overview-of-chemistry-classification-and-applications\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/strong>: \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642<\/strong>: \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.3 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 AKD (1956)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 <strong>\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 (AKD)<\/strong> \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u00ab\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u2014 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u064f\u0631\u062d\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1955 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u00ab\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644\u00bb \u2014 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642. \u0648\u062d\u0638\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u00abAKD\u00bb \u0628\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c, <strong>\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 AKD \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0632<\/strong>. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong>, \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/strong>, \u060c \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642<\/strong> \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0634\u0627\u064b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.4 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1930 \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 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\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627: <strong>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0648 <strong>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a<\/strong> \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628 (\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645). <strong>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0631\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 30 \u064850% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 (AKD)<\/strong> \u2014 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0632. \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d AKD \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629\/\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0636\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 AKD \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 0.10 \u06480.30%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0623\u0646\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644\u064a (ASA)<\/strong> \u2014 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 ASA \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0641\u064a\u0641. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/strong>: \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0632 (CMC)<\/strong> : \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 (PVA)<\/strong> : \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646-\u0623\u0646\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 (SMA)<\/strong> : \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u062a\u062a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0635\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u063a \u0648\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 30 \u064850%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0628<\/strong>: \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 140 \u0648150 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a<\/strong>: \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 7\u20138% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2 AKD (\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">AKD \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 (\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 43 \u064855 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u03b2-\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0632<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 AKD \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 7 \u06489<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/strong>: \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 12 \u0625\u0644\u0649 24 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646-\u0623\u0646\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643 (SMA)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 SMA \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/strong>: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.1 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c<\/strong>: \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 1:0.25\u20134\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 1:1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.2 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 AKD \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a AKD \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 (AKD) \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 AKD \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f. \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.3 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643<\/strong>: \u062a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a SMA \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0647\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0632\u0631<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.1 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644<\/strong>: \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 AKD \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0640 AKD \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0629<\/strong>: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.2 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0646<\/strong>: \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.3 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c<\/strong>: \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b<\/strong>: \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/strong>: \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.4 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u201cLattice\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u064f\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 AKD \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0647\u064a <strong>\u201c\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u201d\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u00bb<\/strong>. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a AKD \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.1 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642<\/strong>: 1,114 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 US$ (2024)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1,505 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 US$ (2031)\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 4.8%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a (\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645)<\/strong>: 825.9 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a (2025)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1.12 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a (2032)\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 4.5%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0645\u0646 306.22 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 (2024) \u0625\u0644\u0649 409.80 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 (2031)\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 4.431<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.2 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 14% \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong>: \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a<\/strong>: \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/strong>: \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.3 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627<\/strong>: \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 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\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646<\/strong>: \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u061b \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u061b \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 AKD \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0632<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/strong>: \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/strong>: \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 LY Chem Technology \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/strong> , \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0633:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>LY-CRS (\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a)<\/strong> : \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>LY-ARS (\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a)<\/strong> : \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0635\u0628\u0646\u064e\u0651<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>LY-AKD301 (\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a AKD)<\/strong> : \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>LY-AKD302 (\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a AKD)<\/strong> : \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u063a\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 LY Chem \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 LY Chem \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u2013 ScholarWorks\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a \u2013 cool.culturalheritage.org<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u2013 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 \/ \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AKD sizing history \u2013 Hercules Inc., 1956 (De Gruyter \/ Museum Conservation Institute)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Surface sizing compositions \u2013 Styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers (Patents \/ CNKI)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Paper Surface Sizing Agents Market Report 2025-2031 \u2013 QY Research<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Surface Sizing Agents Market Outlook 2025-2032 \u2013 24Chemical Research<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dispersed rosin size properties \u2013 IPPTA<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AKD synthesis \u2013 Solvent-free methods (Patents \/ Journal sources)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sizing agents classification \u2013 Baidu Baike<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Paper Sizing Agents: A Comprehensive Technical Overview of Chemistry, Classification, and Applications 1. Introduction: The &#8230; <a title=\"\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/lypaperchem.com\/ar\/paper-sizing-agents-a-comprehensive-technical-overview-of-chemistry-classification-and-applications\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Paper Sizing Agents: A Comprehensive Technical Overview of Chemistry, Classification, and Applications\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1129,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1122","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technical-insights","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lypaperchem.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1122","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lypaperchem.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lypaperchem.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lypaperchem.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lypaperchem.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1122"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/lypaperchem.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1122\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1123,"href":"https:\/\/lypaperchem.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1122\/revisions\/1123"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lypaperchem.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1129"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lypaperchem.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1122"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lypaperchem.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1122"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lypaperchem.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1122"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}